For this project, we had research a disease that comes from a lack of protein. My group researched Diabetes 2, which results from a lack of Insulin. To show and present our findings, we made a poster.
Key Terms:
Nucleus: A dense organelle present in most eukaryotic cells, typically a single rounded structure bounded by a double membrane, containing the genetic material. The nucleus is where the process of transcription takes place.
DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecule that carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. Your DNA is precious to you and needs to be kept safe. The mRNA unzips the DNA to make a copy of it and moves on.
Translation: Translation is a step in protein biosynthesis wherein the genetic code carried by mRNA is decoded to produce the specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is the process that takes place in the cytoplasm.
mRNA: Messenger RNA is a large family of RNA molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where they specify the amino acid sequence of the protein products of gene expression. Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the genetic information copied from DNA in the form of a series of three-base code “words,” each of which specifies a particular amino acid.
Codon/Anti-Codon: A codon is found on the coding strand of double-stranded DNA and in the (single-stranded) mRNA. The anti-codon is found on the tRNA and is the part that base-pairs with the codon(on the mRNA) in order to bring the appropriate amino acid to the ribosome to be added to the growing peptide chain. Transcription: Transcription is the process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). DNA safely and stably stores genetic material in the nuclei of cells as a reference, or template. Translation occurs in the nucleus.
Ribosome: A sphere-shaped structure within the cytoplasm of a cell that is composed of RNA and protein and is the site of protein synthesis. Molecules carry amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis.
Amino Acid: The building block of protein in which each is coded for by a codon and linked together through peptide bonds. A chain of amino acids attach to the ribosome and create a polypeptide chain.
tRNA: Small RNA molecules that carry amino acids to the ribosome for polymerization into a polypeptide. During translation the amino acid is inserted into the growing polypeptide chain when the anticodon of the tRNA pairs with a codon on the mRNA being translated. tRna carries the anti-codon which then attaches and bonds with the codon on the mRNA. The tRNA also has a specific amino acid attached to it.
Polypeptide chain: A polypeptide is a single linear chain of many amino acids, held together by amide bonds. The amino acids form the polypeptide chain which attach to the ribosome.
Folding: Protein folding is the physical process by which a protein chain acquires its native 3-dimensional structure. It is the physical process by which a polypeptide folds into its characteristic and functional three-dimensional structure. Protein folding occurs during translation. After the amino acids form a polypeptide chain, they then go to form either alpha helix's or beta sheets. Protein: Proteins are a macromolecule, and are extremely important. Their main function are as enzymes, as they catalyze many processes in the cell. Its monomer are amino acids. the protein being created is the final part in the protein synthesis process.
Our Poster:
Reflection:
This project was very fun. I was lucky to have such a great group. Our chemistry allowed us to get our work done quickly and efficiently. The only part I didn´t like was making the gant chart. Other than that, everything else was really fun. My favorite part was making the poster. I learned that im very efficient when I work with group members that I really like. This was a very fun and educational project.